Endoscopic laser therapy has grown in importance and popularity in gastroenterology. Outpatient palliative treatment for blocking gastrointestinal neoplasms has become critical. Endoscopic laser surgery, in particular, […]

Zenker’s diverticulum is an outpouching that arises at the intersection of the lower pharynx and the upper esophagus. The pouch forms because the muscle that divides […]

Vocal cord nodules (also known as “vocal fold” nodules by doctors) are growths on the vocal cords. These lumps are benign (noncancerous) and look similar to […]

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is an uncommon illness characterized by the development of tiny, wart-like growths (papillomas) in the respiratory system, which includes the nose, mouth, […]

Hailey-Hailey disease (HDD), also known as benign chronic pemphigus, is an uncommon skin illness that often manifests in adolescence. The illness is distinguished by red, raw, […]

Stroke-like episodes differ from ischemic stroke in pathogenetic, clinical, and imaging terms. They can be the result of a vascular, metabolic, or epileptic process and show […]

Lactic acidosis develops when the body produces too much lactic acid. Chronic alcohol use, heart failure, cancer, seizures, liver failure, prolonged loss of oxygen, and low […]

MELAS syndrome (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes) is an uncommon condition that occurs in infancy, generally between the ages of two and fifteen, and […]

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a rare hereditary (genetic) condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty substances (lipids) in cells, notably those of the brain, spinal cord, and […]

Glaucoma is a collection of eye diseases that affect the optic nerve, which is essential for proper vision. An excessively high pressure in your eye is […]